本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛1.Down pay: 10%.
2.Delivery: Door delivery buy seller
3.Technical service: HAMMER, DAMPER REGULATION, TUNING (in dealer or at customers’ home, discuss between buyer and seller)
4.New piano has original packing, case delivery to buyer (select by customer)
5. Open case at buyer’s home (select by customer)
6. In delivery day, buyer has right at Yamaha warehouse (select by customer)
7.Mover could move the unit to the site by buyer’s mean
8.New piano tool (must)
10.10 years warrantee (must)
11. Brand new piano HAMMER, DAMPER REGULATION, TUNING (must)
12.Seller must guarantee HAMMER, DAMPER REGULATION, TUNING up to Yamaha U1brand new Level
13.Buyer need get Yamaha export of origin, from seller. Series No# and date, year should matched.
14. Made in time from June 2007 to December 2007.
15. Buyer pay the rest 90% (buy seller and buyer)
16. Credit card or other payment (buyer and seller)



Action Regulation and Voicing
HAMMER, DAMPER REGULATION, TUNING

This is the final stage of the manufacturing of a piano. Piano hammers, in spite of being made from the best wool obtainable, and produced under exacting control will vary slightly in density and hardness. This variance is corrected by the use of fine steel needles inserted into the hammers at the proper place and the proper depth. By "needling" a piano hammer, the tone regulator can make the tone of an individual note sound hard, mellow, full or thin. This fine adjustment is called voicing. The end result is tonal balance and an instrument with a full rich tone.

Action regulation is done by skilled technicians at the factory, and consists of minute adjustments throughout all the critical points in the action to insure that each and every key and action assembly performs exactly as it is designed to do to ensure evenness throughout the full range of the keyboard.

The finest piano manufacturers spend a great deal of time and attention to this process with their skilled regulators and voicers. Manufacturers of lesser quality pianos spend very little time in the voicing and regulating process.

Final preparation of the piano before it leaves the factory is one of the many differences between pianos of differing quality. In the factory, final preparation of the piano includes such things as several tunings, action regulation, and voicing. And finally, before delivery, preparation by the dealer's technicians of the instrument should be done to ensure that the piano is at its very best when it arrives at your home.


Tuning a tuning sets the "correct" pitch.
Technically speaking, when a piano is in tune, it is perfectly out of tune. This is the result of the process of finding a "happy medium” between the various intervals. To illustrate, when a string player plays out of tune, he can just slide his finger up and down the string until he finds the right note. On a piano, however, the length of the strings is fixed and between each half step are all kinds of natural tones. To circumvent this limit in piano technology, the olden tuners in the days of Bach came up with what is called the "temperament". To prove the point that it was possible to play the piano in any key without having to retune the instrument, Bach composed the "Wahl Temperament Clavier". However, even so, in Bach's days the temperament sounded rather different than a modern temperament. Just listen to an old Baroque organ and you will hear the difference. It's rather interesting, though.
Most pianos need tuning at least once a year. To offset temperature and humidity changes from season to season, we recommend tuning pianos every 6 months. In very humid climates, along the ocean, or areas with large temperature and humidity changes we recommend the installation of a Damp-Chaser heating rod to a) prolong the life of the tuning, b) to protect the soundboard from absorbing excessive humidity, and c) the strings from rusting prematurely.
Please keep in mind that it has to be absolutely quiet in the house to be able to get a good tuning. Do your piano tuner the favor and plan to wait with your dishes, laundry, vacuuming, lawn mowing, leaf blowing, disciplining the children, babysitting, singing, humming, whistling, TV and parties until the work is done.

Filing And Voicing Of The Hammers A voicing optimizes the sound of a piano.
New piano hammers have typically been pre-voiced by the manufacturer and fine-voiced by the technicians of the various piano dealers. However, the market price of an instrument is critical in the dealer's decision to have a certain instrument voiced or not. For example: the profit margin of an inexpensive, mass produced, piano may be so small, that it is often not feasible for a piano dealer to invest a few hundred dollars into such a piano and be able to sell at rock-bottom price, while a similar investment into a $50,000 Steinway. Bechstein or Boesendorfer is negligible. In the case of a low-cost piano it is typically up to the buyer to pay for the work and to turn a "cheap" piano into a decent, well sounding piano.
Please keep in mind that the tone of a new piano can in most cases be changed within reason. The voicing is also influenced by personal taste and market demand. For example: the local Yamaha dealers tend to voice their instruments rather brightly, which some performers enjoy, while others don't. Similarly, the local piano dealers urge the technicians to voice their instruments "down" because they cannot sell "bright" instruments in the local market. However, German made pianos, especially Hamburg Steinways, are intended to have a beautifully brilliant bright and open tone. Hence I am always surprised to hear a customer say he doesn't like the German Steinway tone. Personally I cringe when I am called to "ruin" a perfect instrument - however, one can not argue about taste.
Over time the striking point of piano hammers become hardened from the constant impact against the string. This will make the tone very hard or tinny. If the instrument is not voiced at this time, the hammer often deteriorates over the years and the tone becomes mushy in addition to tinny, which produces for an awful combination. In any case, as the piano gets older and the grooves in the hammers become deeper, the hammers should be filed, ironed and voiced. This two hour job is rather dusty because the wool dust from the hammers will settle over everything in the room, no matter what precautions we take. If you want to have this work done, we can do it either on a nice day outside your home, in our shop, or in your home prior to the arrival of your cleaning lady.
If you have a very fine piano and are an accomplished pianist, it may be of advantage to you to be present during the final voicing of your instrument to give the piano builder some feedback as to your taste. However, in this case, please stand behind the technician and not in the curve of the piano or perhaps in the kitchen, because in such a case a miscommunications would be guaranteed as the tone in front of the keyboard is different than at any other place in the room or house.

Regulation A regulation make a piano play right.
Most pianos have been regulated to some extend by the manufacturer and it therefore not necessary to perform a major regulation in the field, unless it is necessary to install new hammers and/or whippens in a piano.
The regulation process is meticulous and thus time consuming. It includes the adjustment of the "Spreitze" to the proper height in order for the jack to fall back under the knuckle after it accelerates the hammer. It is also very important to set the jack properly under the knuckle in order to get the maximum "power transfer" of the key into the hammer. If the knuckle is too far to the front of the knuckle it may strike without moving the hammer. On the other hand, if it is too far to the rear of the knuckle, the pianist may lose the "touch" altogether. In a properly adjusted action, the hammer should let-off (reach it's high point when pressed slowly) about 1 1/2 to 2 millimeters under the string and should fall back about 2 millimeters. In addition, the playing depth of the keys should be adjusted that there is a proper "aftertouch". "Aftertouch is a misnomer as it consists of the various steps to bring the various parts of a piano action into proper relationship. In any case, each key should play exactly like the other keys. Only then can a pianist rely on his instrument.
There are several other steps involved in the regulation process of a piano, but I consider it unwise to reveal here all my "trade secret" acquired over the last 35 years to get the maximum performance out of a piano action. Each piano is different and each manufacturer has somewhat different specifications, but an older instrument or a mass-produced piano is vastly different from a modern Steinway concert grand. After working with literally thousands of pianos it became second nature to obtain the best results for each individual piano.
The typical feedback I receive from customers after a tuning, voicing and regulation is the amazement that their piano could sound and play "like that". All pianos suffer from wear over time, which is so gradual, that most people don't notice it. However, a good tuning, voicing and regulation becomes immediately apparent.
Technical Things
When you begin your personal inspection of the piano you are thinking of buying, look at some of the technical aspects of the piano design so you can compare "apples with apple".
Start with the back. there will be five or six vertical posts that serve as stays against the frame, giving added strength to resist the tremendous pull of the strings inside. The posts should be heavy and strong enough to provide adequate support in proportion to the rest of the piano.
Next, check the soundboard, a wooden board at the back that translates the vibrations of the strings into the "tone" of the piano. The soundboard is one of the vital parts of the piano, and is is made of spruce in many top-quality instruments. The fine, straight grain in spruce is ideal for conducting sound.The ribs on the back of the soundboard should run from one edge of the soundboard to the other for support.
Inspect the plate - an irregularly-shaped piece of cast iron bolted to the back of the frame. It holds one end of the piano strings, and anchors most of the 18 to 20 tons of pull exerted by the taut piano strings.
The treble and bass bridges are another of the piano's vital organs. These long pieces of hard maple are attached to the soundboard, transferring the vibrations of the string to the soundboard.The bass strings are wound with wire to add weight and reduce the frequency at which the string vibrates. This allows the use of relatively shorter string to produce deeper notes.
At the top of the plate, the strings are wound through and around tuning pins. These are set into the pin block, constructed of layers of carefully seasoned hard wood which grips the pins in place for tuning stability.
The working section of the piano is called the action. There are inbetween 7,500 and 9,000 parts here, all playing a role in sending the hammers against the strings when keys are struck.Grand pianos all have horizontal action, and upright pianos have vertical action. There are two kinds of vertical action--"direct-blow," which pushes the mechanism that controls the hammer, found in taller pianos; and "indirect-blow" or "drop" action, which pulls the mechanism in lower silhouette instruments.
Piano hammers are formed of one or two layers of felt forged onto the wooden hammer molding under tremendous pressure. If a dealer talks to you about a 9-pound hammer as opposed to a 12-pound hammer, hemeans the weight of the sheets of felt that were used to make the hammers.
By the time you see the piano in the showroom, it has been tuned at the factory several times, starting with the "chip" or rough tuning before the mechanism is even locked into the cabinet. The last fine adjustment, called "voicing," includes the regulation of the hammer felts for individual notes.
Now, you can take your head out of the inside of the piano, and consider the externals again.
The piano keys rest in the key bed, a perfectly flat well in the front of the cabinet that keeps the keys level. Each key is balanced by a center pin, and "bushed" with fine wool for silence and proper clearance. The "ivories" are rarely ivory anymore, but a fine molded plastic that won't crack or turn yellow. The black keys are made of a similar material.
Most pianos have three pedals, but most pianists need only two. The sustaining, or damper pedal on the right lifts the dampers (which in a resting position prevent the strings from vibrating) away from the strings so that the tone is sustained after the keys are released. The pedal on the left, called ulna coda mutes the tone by shortening the distance the hammers travel or by shifting the action slightly so fewer strings are hit. Many pianos have a third pedal for sustaining bass tones only, On most grand pianos and some uprights, the third pedal is a sustention, which sustains selected tone sat the pianist's discretion.
Finally, there's the cabinet, that handsome piece of furniture that will take a prominent place in your decor. Modern cabinets are made of core stock overlaid with thin veneers of fine furniture wood. Many grains and finishes are available and modern finishing techniques assure excellent appearance and easy care for years.更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net