有很多细节问题: 既然已经付清车款, 这辆车就应该是在你的名下的财产了, 有两种情况 --- 1) if dealer keeps it for you for his own interest, like a dry cleaner keeps clothes for his customer, he shall be respnsible for any loss of or damage to the car when it is being with him; or 2) if he's doing it purely for good will, which i believe might be exactly your case, i doubt there's very much you can do other than blame yourself, because you should have brought the car home and parked in garage until you get your license - you need a special short-term insurance during this period.
That said, you may still consult a lawer for his advice, who can play a great role especially when a case is not crystal clear.